Contents
Pledges Of Aqabah
It is narrated by U’bada bin Samit (radiallahu a’nhu) who took part in the battle of Badar and was a naaqib (Head of the group) on the night of Al-A’qaba pledge. The Prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon him) said while a group of companions were around him, Give me the bait (pledge) that:
- You do not worship anything with ALLAH.
- Will not steal
- Will not commit illegal sexual intercourse
- Will not kill your children
- Will not accuse an innocent person intentionally by putting a false blame on him
- Will not disobey when ordered to do good deeds.
The Prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon him) added, “Whoever amongst you fulfils his pledge will be rewarded by Almighty ALLAH. And whoever indulges in any of these sins and gets the punishment in this world then the punishment becomes an expiation for that sin (if he repented before). And if one indulged in any of them and ALLAH conceals (his sins), it is up to him to forgive or punish him (in the hereafter).
(Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 2, The Book Of Faith, Chapter 11, Hadith no. 18 )
The Punishment is an expiation for sins or not?
According to Imam Hanafi’s schooling, if a committer of sins repented before the commencement of punishment on him, then for him the punishment will become an expiation for his sins. And the Hadith is in regards to this situation itself. And if he did not repent and continued with his sins happily, then the world’s punishment will not become an expiation for sins. But he will be deserving the punishment in the hereafter as well. The evidence for this is in the Holy Quran, Almighty ALLAH says after stating the punishment of robbers,
[Maidah 5:33] “This is their degradation in the world, and for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment.”
[Maidah 5:34] “Except those who repent before you apprehend them; so know well that ALLAH is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.”
So, it is said in this hadith, that whoever did any of those sins and Almighty ALLAH kept a veil over his sins (concealed his sins), then it is upto ALLAH’s will. If he wishes he will forgive or punish him.
Hazrat Ali (radiallahu a’nhu) states that the Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) said, whoever committed sins in the world (then repented), and if Almighty ALLAH concealed his sins then Almighty ALLAH is very merciful from punishing again for the sin which he already forgave.
Bait e Uqabah
Imam Bukhari ne is hadith ke baab ka u’nwan qayam nahi kiya. Aur jahan imam Bukhari baab ka u’nwan qayam na karein, woh baab baab-e-sabiq ke sath mulhiq hota hai. Baab e sabiq mein Ansari ki fazilat ka zikr tha. Aur is baab mein Hazrat U’bada bin Samit ki do fazeelaton ka zikr hai. Ek yeh keh woh ghazwa e badar mein shareek the, dosri yeh keh woh Lailatul uqba ke naqbaa (Qaum ka muntazin, kafeel, aur unka numayinda) mein se the.
Imam Bukhari riwayat karte hain keh hamein Abul Yamaan ne hadith bayan ki, inhone kaha: Hamein Shoiab ne az Zuhri khabar di, inhone kaha, hamein Abu Idrees A’aizullah ibn A’bdillahi ne khabar di keh Hazrat U’bada bin Samit (radiallahu a’nhu) ghazwa e badar mein hazir the aur yeh u’qbah (Makkah ki jis ghati mein haj ke mauqa par RasoolALLAH (ﷺ) ahle madina ko tableegh liye jate the) ki raat mein ahle Madina ke numayindon mein se ek the. RasoolALLAH (ﷺ) ne farmaya, us waqt apke gird apke AS-haab ki ek jamat thi.
Aap ne farmaya, mujhse ispar bait karo keh
- Tum ALLAH ke sath kisi ko shareek nahi karoge aur
- Na chori karoge aur
- Na zina karoge aur
- Na apni aulad ko qatal karoge aur
- Na apne haathon aur pairon ke samne kisi bekasoor par iftira bandhoge aur
- Na kisi neik kaam mein hukum a’dooli karoge.
Phir tum mein se jisne apni bait (wada) ko poora kardiya, uska ajar ALLAH ke zimma e karam par hai. Aur jisne un kaamon mein se koi kaam karliya aur usko is dunya mein saza de di gayi toh woh uske liye kaffara hai (agar saza milne se pehle tauba karli ho toh) aur jisne inme se koi kaam kiya (aur tauba ki), phir ALLAH ne uspar parda rakha toh woh ALLAH ki mashiyyat ki taraf mafooz hai. Woh agar chahe toh isko muaf karde aur agar chahe toh woh usko saza de, tab humne aap se ispar bait karli.
(Sahih Bukhari, Jild 1, Kitab 2, Kitab Al Iman, Baab 11, Hadith 18)
Hudood Gunahon ka kaffara hone ya na hone ki behas
Fuqaha e ahnaf ka mazhab yeh hai keh agar kisi mujrim ne had jaari hone se pehle tauba karli toh iske liye had kaffara hojayegi. Aur yeh hadith isi par mahmool hai aur agar usne had jari hojane se pehle apne jurm par tauba nahi ki balke apne jurm par musarrar raha toh uske liye had kaffara nahi hogi balke woh aakhirat mein a’zaab ka mustahiq hoga. Ahnaf ki daleel yeh hai keh ALLAH ta’ala ne muhaaribeen (daakuon) ki saza zikr karne ke baad farmaya:
“Yeh unki dunya ki ruswayi hai aur aakhirat mein unke liye bada a’zaab hai. Siwa un logon ke jinho ne isse pehle tauba karli keh aap (Aye Rasool) unko giraftar karo.” [Surah Maida, verse 33]
Yeh aayat ispar nas hai keh saza sirf dunya mein ruswayi ke liye hai. Is saza ke baad aakhirat ka a’zaab e a’Zeem unke liye hai. Toh sabit huwa keh sirf hudood kaffara nahi warna aakhirat ka a’zaab inke liye na hota.
“So jisne jurm karne ke baad tauba karli aur islaah karli toh beshak ALLAH uski tauba qubul farmayega, beshak ALLAH bohat bakshne wala, behad reham farmane wala hai.” [Surah Maida, verse 34]
Neiz is hadith mein hai keh jisne inme se koi kaam kiya phir ALLAH ne uspar parda rakha toh woh ALLAH ki mashiyyat ki taraf mafooz hai. Agar chahe toh isko muaf karde aur agar woh chahe toh isay saza de.
Hazrat Ali (radiallahu a’nhu) bayan karte hain keh RasoolALLAH (ﷺ) ne farmaya, jisne dunya mein koi gunah kiya (aur tauba karli), phir ALLAH ne uspar parda rakh liya toh ALLAH us par bohat zyada kareem hai keh jis gunah ko woh muaf karchuka hai uspar usko dobara saza de.
