Chapter 24: The Signs of the Hypocrisy

A hypocrite is a person who enters Islam for one reason and goes out of Islam due to another reason. There is unbelief in his heart, and he expresses Islam merely with his tongue. Signs are that through which existence of some other thing is detected. As the existence of fire detected looking at smoke. The relation between the previous and this chapter is that the last chapter was about forms of oppression and in this chapter is the forms of hypocrisy. And hypocrisy is also one of the kinds of oppression.

Imam Al-Bukhari narrates that Sulaiman Abu Rabi has stated this Hadith. Abu Hurairah (Radiallahu a’nhu) narrates that the Prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon him) said, There are 3 signs of a hypocrite.

1. Whenever he speaks, he lies.
2. When he makes a promise, he does it against him.
3. When he is entrusted, he betrays. (If you keep something as a trust with him, he will not return it).

[Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, The Book Of Faith, Cahpter 24, Hadith 33]

Explanation

Three signs of hypocrites are mentioned in this Hadith. And the fact is cleared that, “There is a corruption in everything – the sayings, the deeds and the intentions of a hypocrite.”

When he speaks, he speak lies, it is a corruption of his speech. When he betrays, it is a corruption of his deeds. And when he breaks his promise, it is a corruption of his intention. Violation of a promise is very bad when the intention during the promise is not to fulfill it.

This Hadith was stated in reference to the hypocrites about whom the revelations were revealed by Allah Almighty in the Holy Quran.

Answer to “The Muslims also lie, betray and break their promises, are they also hypocrites?”

One doubt is raised on this Hadith that the 3 qualities which are described as hypocrites in this hadith are found in the Muslims as well. However, it is not permissible to impose hypocrisy or disbelief statement on a believer? The following are the typical answers to this doubt:

1. It is narrated from Sa ‘ad that they had the same doubt in the hadith, so they asked Ibn’ A’bbaas and Ibn’ Umar, then they said: We had this doubt too, so we asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of be upon him), and the Prophet replied, What is relation of this Hadith with you? I attributed this Hadith particularly to the hypocrites. What I said as when he speaks, he lies, its meaning is he lies when he speaks with me about what is revealed to me, as said in the Holy Quran:“When the hypocrites come to you, they say, ‘We testify Indeed, you are the Messenger of Allah. And Allah knows very well that you are surely the Messenger of Allah. And Allah bears witness that the hypocrites are indeed liars.” (# Chapter Al Munafiqoon).And what I said regarding when he makes a promise, he does it against it refers to those hypocrites who’s hypocrisy is mentioned in these verses:

   “And some of them are those who promised Allah that if Allah grants to them by His grace, they would surely do charity and become among the rightful ones.” Then when ALLAH granted them by His grace, they became miserly upon their wealth and turned away. So as a punishment of this, ALLAH placed hypocrisy in them till the day of resurrection because they did against what they promised Allah and because they were lying. ”
   Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) asked, “Are you like this?” We said ‘no’. Then the Prophet said, this verse has nothing to do with you. And what I said regarding if someone keeps something as a trust with him, he will not return it. It’s relation is with the revealed verses of Almighty Allah, which is mentioned in this verse:

   “Indeed, we placed trust on the heavens and on the earth and on the mountains, and they refused to betray this trust and feared to betray it. And human betrayed this trust, surely he is very unjust, ignorant.”
   Then the Prophet said, every human being is trustworthy over his religion. He takes obligatory bath, and prays in solitude as well as in front of people. And the hypocrites fast only in front of the people and follow the Islamic rules only in front of the people, and do not follow Islamic orders in isolation. Are you like this? We said ‘No’. the Prophet said, then you are exceptions from this commandment. Imam Ibn Jarir Tibrani and A’llama Suyooti ​​also mentioned the following 3 verses in connection with the hypocrisy of the hypocrites.

2. A’llama Noori said: The meaning of this hadith is that these 3 qualities are of hypocrisy. And the one who possesses these 3 qualities is like a hypocrite and characterized with their attributes. Because the meaning of hypocrisy is to show against the inner self. And the person who lies or violates promise or betrays someone’s trust, shows hypocrisy to him because he shows it against his inner self. So he is just hypocritic to this person, it does not mean that he is a hypocrite towards Islam or having hypocrisy with Islam (Allah and the Messenger).
3. A ‘llama Khitabi said, this hadith is based on terrifying Muslims regarding those 3 qualities. So, that they may fear and stay away from it. It does not mean that a Muslim who has these deficiencies must be called a hypocrite. Rather, it means that a hypocrite will certainly have these 3 qualities.
4. It would be acceptable to call hypocrite for a person who dominates in these 3 qualities but not for the one who sometimes have these defects.
5. A’llama KhiTabi said, There are two types of hypocrisy. Literal hypocrisy and sharayi hypocrisy. The sharayi hypocrisy is that, one has disbelieve in the heart and expresses faith with his tongue. This hypocrisy was in the time of the Prophet. It makes man a disbeliever. And in literal hypocrisy, a person abandons the shariya rules/deeds in isolation and practices on its commands only in-front of people (muslims). Due to this a person will not be called as real hypocrite or disbeliever. But this is a hypocritical deed not hypocritical belief. As it is stated in the Hadith that abusing a believer is a sin. And to kill him is a kufr (big sin). This does not mean that he is a real unbeliever but he is committing a very big sin.
6. Imam Huzaifa said: Now ‘Nifaq'(hypocrisy) has gone. It was only in the time of the Prophet. Islam has spread and people are being born in Islam. So whoever did hypocrisy now, expressed Islam in-front of people and disbelieved in isolation or inner self is an apostate from Islam.

Baab 24: Munafiq ki alaamaat

Munafiq woh shaks hai jo ek sabab se Islam mein dakhil hota hai aur dosre sabab se nikal jata hai. Iske dil mein kufr hota hai aur zuban se Islam ko zahir karta hai. Alamat us cheez ko kehte hain jisse dosri cheez par istedlal kiya jata hai. Jaise dhuwein se aag par istedlal kiya jata hai. Baab e sabiq aur is baab mein munasibat yeh hai keh baab e sabiq mein zulm ki anwaa’ ka zikr tha. Aur is baab mein nifaq ki anwa’a ka zikr hai. Aur nifaq bhi zulm ki anwa’a mein se hai.

Munafiq ki 3 alamatein

Imam Bukhari riwayat karte hain keh hamein Suleiman Abu Rabe’e ne hadith bayan  ki, woh kehte hain hamein Ismail bin Jafar ne hadith bayan ki, woh kehte hain hamein Nafe’y bin malik bin Abi a’amir Abu Sahal ne hadith bayan ki az walid e khud az Hazrat Abu Huraira (radiallahu a’nhu) az Nabi (sallallahu a’laihi wa sallam) aap ne farmaya, Munafiq ki 3 alamatein hain.

1. Woh jab baat karta hai toh jhoot bolta hai,
2. Jab wada karta hai toh iske khilaf karta hai,
3. Aur jab iske paas amanat rakhi jaaye toh usme khayanat karta hai.

[Sahih Bukhari, Jild 1, Kitab Al Iman, Baab 24, Hadith 33]

Tashreeh

Is hadith mein munafiqeen ki 3 nishaniyan bayan farmayi hain. Aur isme ispar tambeey farmayi hai keh munafiq ke qaul, feil aur niyyat sab mein fasad hota hai.

Jab woh baat karta hai toh jhoot bolta hai, isme iske qaul ka fasad hai. Aur jab khayanat karta hai toh isme iske feil ka fasad hai. Aur jab wo wada ke khilaf karta hai toh isme uski niyyat ka fasad hai. Wada ki khilaf warzi us waqt mazmoom hai jab uski ibteda e niyyat yeh ho keh wo wada poora nahi karega.

Yeh hadith un munafiqeen ki mutalliq bayan ki gayi thi jinka talluq ALLAH ta’la ke nazil karda munafiqeen se mutalliq aayaat se tha.

Wada ki khilaf warzi us waqt mazmoon hai jab jab uski ibteda e niyyat ho keh wo wada poora nahi karega. Aur jab uski ibteda e niyyat wada poora karne ki ho aur baad mein koi rukawat ya maslihat ki wajeh se uski raaye badal jaaye toh phir wada poora na karna munafiq ki alamat nahi hai.

Is ishkaal ka jawab ke musalman bhi jhoot bolte hain, khayanat karte hain aur wada khilafi karte hain toh kya woh bhi munafiq hain?

Is hadith par yeh ishkal hota hai keh jin 3 khaslaton ko is hadith mein munafiq ki alamat qarar diya hai, woh 3 khaslatein toh momin aur muslim mein bhi paayi jati hain. Halanke ispar ijmaa hai keh momin par nifaq ya kufr ka hokum lagana jaiz nahi hai. Is ishkal ke hasb e zeel jawabat hain:

1. Hazrat Sa’ad se riwayat hai keh inko bhi hadith mein yehi ishkal huwa toh inhone Hazrat Ibn e A’bbas aur Hazrat Ibn e Umar se pucha toh, toh unhone kaha. Unhone kaha hamein bhi yeh ishkal huwa tha toh humne RasoolALLAH (sallallahu a’laihi wa sallam) se pucha, toh apne farmaya: tumhara isse kya talluq hai? Maine is hadith ko munafiqeen ke saath khas kiya hai. Maine jo kaha hai keh jab who baat karta hai toh jhoot bolta hai, isse murad hai jab wo mujhpar nazil hone wali wahi ke mutalliq baat karta hai toh jhoot bolta hai, jaise Quran e majeed mein hai:

“Jab aapke paas munafiq aate hain toh kehte hain keh hum gawahi dete hain keh beshak aap zaroor ALLAH ke Rasool hain. Aur ALLAH khoob janta hai keh aap beshak zarur ALLAH ke Rasool hain. Aur ALLAH gawahi deta hai keh beshak munafiqeen zaroor jhootein hain. (# Al Munafiqoon).

Aur maine jo kaha hai keh jab wo wada karta hai toh iske khilaf karta hai, isse murad wo munafiq hai jiska in aayaat mein zikr hai:

“Aur inme se baaz wo hain, jinho ne ALLAH se wada kiya tha keh agar ALLAH ne inko apne fazal se a’taa kiya toh wo zaroor sadqa karenge aur Salih’een mein se hojayenge. Phir jab ALLAH ne inko apne fazal se a’taa kardiya toh unhone us maal mein bukhl kiya aur muh mod liya. Toh iski saza mein ALLAH ne hasher takinke dilon mein nifaaq daal diya kyunke inhone ALLAH se kiye huwe waday ke khila kiya aur isliye keh wo jhoot bolte the.”

Phir RasoolALLAH ne pucha, kya tum aise ho? Humne kaha, nahi. Phir aapne farmaya, is ayat ka tumse koi talluq nahi hai. Aur maine jo yeh kaha tha keh iske paas amanat rakhi jaaye toh wo isme khayanat karta hai. Is khayanat ka talluq ALLAH ta’ala ke naazil kiye huwe ehkaam ke saath hai, jinka zikr is ayat mein hai:

“ Be-shak hum ne Asmano par aur zameeno par aur pahadon par (apne ehkam ki) amanat paish kit oh inhone is amanat mein khayanat karne se inkar kiya aur isme khayanat karne se dare. Aur insane ne is amanat mein khayanat ki, beshak wo bohat zulm karne wala, bada jahil hai.

Phir aapne farmaya, har insane apne deen par aamin hai. Who ghusl e janabat karta hai, aur tanhayi mein aur logon ke samne namaz padhta hai aur roze rakhta hai. Aur munafiq sirf logon ke samne roze rakhta hai aur sirf logon ke samne in ehkaam par amal karta hai, aur tanhayi mein in ehkam par a’mal nahi karta. Kyat um is tarah ho? Humne kaha nahi. Aapne farmaya, phir tum is hukum se bari ho. Imam Ibn e Jarir Tibrani aur A’llama Siyooti ne bhi munafiq ki a’laamaat ke silsile mein mazkoora 3 aayaat ka zikr kiya hai.

2. A’llama Noori ne kaha: Is hadith ka mana yeh hai keh yeh 3 khaslatein nifaq hain. Aur in teen khaslaton wala munafiq ke mushabeh hai aur unke akhlaq se mutakhlaq hai. Kyunke nifaq ka mana hai, Baatin ke khilaf zahir karna aur jo shaks kisi se jhoot bolta hai ya use wada ke khilaf karta hai ya uski amanat mein khayanat karta hai, wo usse nifaq karta hai kyuke wo apne baatin ke khilaf zahir karta hai. Toh wo sirf us shaks se nifaq kar raha hai, yeh matlab nahi keh wo Islam mein munafiq ya Islam (ALLAH aur Rasool) ke saath nifaq kar raha hai.
3. A’llama Khitaabi ne kaha, yeh hadith darane dhamkane par mahmool hai take musalman in 3 khaslaton se darein aur inko apni a’adat aur shia’ar na banayein. Is hadith ka yeh matlab nahi keh jis musalman mein yeh khaslatein hon wo munafiq kehlagayega. Balke yeh matlab hai keh jo munafiq hai usme yeh 3 khaslatein zaroor hongi.
4. Jis shaks mein in 3 khaslaton ka ghalba ho, wo munafiq hoga na wo keh jisme kabhi kabbhi yeh khaslatein paayi jaayein.
5. Neiz A’llama KhiTabi ne kaha, nifaq ki do qismein hain. Nifaq e sharayi aur Nifaq e lughwi. Nifaq e sharayi yeh hai keh insan ke dil mein kufr ho aur zuban se imaan ka izhaar kare. Yeh nifaq RasoolALLAH ke zamane mein tha. Isse insan kafir hojata hai. Aur nifaq e lughwi yeh hai keh insane tanhayi mein ehkaam e shariya ko tark karde aur logon ke saamne ehkam e shariya par a’mal kare. Isse insan haqeeqi munafiq aur kafir nahi hota lekin yeh amal e nifaq hai, aiteqadi nifaq nahi hai. Jaise hadith mein hai, momin ko gaali dena fisq hai aur isse qitaal karna kufr(bohat bada gunah) hai. Iska yeh matlab nahi hai keh wo haqeeqi kafir hai.
6. Hazrat Huzaifa ne kaha: Ab nifaaq jachuka hai. Nifaq sirf RasoolALLAH ke zamana e aqdas mein tha. Islam phail chukka hai aur islam mein log paida horahe hain. Toh jisne ab nifaq kiya, Islam ko zahir kiya aur tanhayi mein ya baatin mein kufr kiya wo murtad hai.