Chapter 1 – The statement of the Prophet, ‘Islam is based on five principles’.

ALLAH, in the name of – The Most Affectionate, The Most Merciful. Peace and blessings be upon the beloved Prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon him).

5 Pillars of Islam from Hadith In English

It is narrated by Hazrat Ibn e Umar radiallahu a’nhu that the Messenger of ALLAH said: Islam is based on 5 (pillars) –

1. To bear witness that there is no God besides Almighty ALLAH and Mohammad (peace be upon him) is the messenger of ALLAH
2. Offer Salah
3. Pay the Zakat
4. Fast during the month of Ramadan
5. Perform Hajj (whoever can afford it)

[Sahih Bukhari Volume 1, Book 2 – The Book of Faith, Chapter 1, Hadith no 8]

Commentary:

What is Imaan (Faith)?

According to Hanafis, Faith (Imaan) means to testify with heart that whatever is brought to us from the beloved Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) is truth. In order to implement the Islamic laws on someone it is necessary for him to say with his tongue as well along with heart.

But according to the schooling of Imam Bukhari, Shafayi and few other Hadith interpreters, it refers to combination of testifying with heart, proclaiming with tongue and actions all together.

Bunyal Islamu ala khamsin

In this chapter, Imam Bukhari mentions first part of the Hadith first and says that Faith is both saying and acting (words and deeds) and it increases and decreases. Then Imam Bukhari presents following Quranic verses related to the subject.

” It is He (ALLAH) Who instilled peace in the hearts of the believers, so that it may increase their faith with their (present) faith.” (Ch.48:4)

“And We increased them in guidance.” (Ch.18:13)

“And Allah increases the guidance for those who have received guidance” (Ch.19:76).

And said, “As for those who accept guidance, He (i.e. Allah) increases their guidance and bestows on them their piety.” (Ch.47:17)

“And the believers may increase in faith.” (Ch.74:31)

“Which of you has had his faith increased by it? As for those who believe, it has increased their faith.” (Ch.9:124)

“Fear them. But it (only) increased them in faith.'” (Ch.3:173)

“And it only added to their faith and to their submissiveness (to Allah).” (Ch.33:22)

The purpose of Imam Bukhari is that Almighty ALLAH mentioned that the Faith and guidance increases. And the faith increases and decreases because of deeds. From this Imam Bukhari infers that deeds are part of the faith.

Hanafis response to it is, the meaning of faith in the above verses is best-faith. And the deeds are included in highest level of faith. And it increases and decreases. With deeds, one’s faith becomes either stronger or weaker but is not a part of faith in self.

5 pillars of Islam Explaination

It is said in the hadith that the 5 things [[

1. To bear witness that there is no God besides Almighty ALLAH and Mohammad (peace be upon him) is the messenger of ALLAH
2. Offer Salah
3. Pay the Zakat
4. Fast during the month of Ramadan
5. Perform Hajj  ]]

act as the pillars of Islam. We know that if one of the pillars breaks off, then the building also collapses.

The clarification of the statement is as follows:

If someone rejects any of the 5 mentioned things, or rejects its status in Islam then his Islam ends and he becomes a disbeliever. For example, if someone believes that there is another God besides ALLAH or rejects the Prophethood of Mohammad (peace be upon him) or rejects the obligations of salah, fasting, zakat or haj then he gets out of the Islamic boundary and becomes a disbeliever.

On the other hand, if one does not reject it’s obligation but does not perform the deeds, for example if one does not pray salah, does not fast, does not pay the obligatory charity, does not perform haj inspite of being capable then he will become a committer of a big sin and a muslim.

Baab 1 – Baabul Imaan aur Nabi ka irshad ‘Islam ki bunyad panch cheezon par hai’

Bunyal Islam Ala Khamsin in Roman Urdu

Hazrat Ibne Umar (Radiallahu a’nhu) se riwayat hai RasoolAllah (Sallallahu a’laihi wa sallam) ne farmaya Islam ki bunyad 5 cheezon par hai [Aur woh Qaul aur Feil hai aur zyada hota hai aur kam hota hai].

Is baat ki gawahi dena keh ALLAH ke siwa koi mabood nahi aur Mohammad (sallallahu a’laihi wasallam) ALLAH ke Rasool hain. Namaz padhna. Zakat dena. Haj karna aur Ramadan ke roze rakhna.  [Sahih Bukhari Jild 1, Kitab 2 – Kitab ul Imaan, Baab 1, Hadith 8]

Tafseer

Imaan ka Lughwi mana

Allama Sayyid Mohammad likhte hain keh Imaan ka mana tasdeeq hai.

Zujjaj ne kaha: Imaan ka mana shariat ko aur Nabi (sallallahu a’laihi wa sallam) ALLAH ke paas se jo kuch lekar aaye usko qubool karna, uska aiteqad rakhna hai aur dil se iski tasdeeq karna hai.

Allama Zumkhashri ne kishaaf mein kaha hai: Jis par koi shaks Imaan laya usne usko takzeeb se mamoon aur mehfooz kardiya aur Imaan ka mana hai, manna aur qubool karna aur yeh aiteraaf keh maana ko mutazamin hai.

Zuhri ne kaha hai: Imaan ki asal hai amanat ke sidq mein dakhil hona. Jis tarah usne zaban se tasdeeq ki hai isi tarah dil se bhi tasdeeq ki toh woh momin hai. Aur jisne dil se tasdeeq nahi kiya woh is amanat ko ada karne wala nahi hai jo ALLAH ta’ala ne iske paas rakhi thi, woh munafiq hai.

Imam Raghib ASfahani ne kaha: Kabhi Imaan ka itlaaq is shariat par kiya jata hai jisko Nabi (sallallahu a’laihi wa sallam) lekar aayein aur kabhi haq ke manne aur qubool karne ko Imaan kaha jata hai. Aur Imaan teen cheezon ka majmua hai: Tasdeeq bil Qalb, Iqrar bil Lisaan aur Amal Bil Arkaan. Aur in mein se har ek ko bhi Imaan kaha jata hai.

Imaan ke mukhtalif darje hain. Pehla darja ALLAH aur uske Rasool par imaan laana. Dosra gunahon se bachna. Teesra khwaishaat se bachna.

khulasa: Ahnaaf ke nazdeek tasdeek bil Qalb yani jo kuch Nabi e Kareem (Sallallahu a’laihi wa sallam) lekar aaye use dil se sacha mannay ka naam imaan hai. Aur kisi shaks par Islami ahkaam ko jari karne ke liye iqrar bil lisaan zaruri hai.

Imam Bukhari, shafayi aur degar muhaddiseen ka yeh maslak hai keh tasdeeq bil qalb, Iqrar bil lisaan aur aamal bil arkan ke majmua ka naam imaan hai.

Bunyal Islamu ala khamsin

Imam Bukhari ne u’nwaan mein hadith ka pehla Juzz zikr kiya. Iske baad farmaya Imaan qaul aur feil hai aur woh zyada bhi hota hai aur kam bhi hota hai. Phir Imam Bukhari ne is mazhab par hasb e zeel aayat se istedlaal farmaya.

هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِينَةَ فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ لِيَزْدَادُوٓا۟ إِيمَٰنًا مَّعَ إِيمَٰنِهِمْ ALLAH woh hai jo mominon ke dil mein sukoon dalta hai taake unke imaan ke saath Imaan zyada ho.  (Surah Fath ayat 4)

 وَزِدْنَٰهُمْ هُدًى  Aur humne unki hidayat ko zyada kardiya. (Surah Kaha ayat 13)

وَيَزِيدُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱهْتَدَوْا۟ هُدًى  Aur Jin logon ne hidayat paayi, ALLAH unki hidayat ko zyada kardeta hai. (Surah Maryam ayat 76)

Imam Bukhari ka maqsad yeh hai keh Quran majeed ki in aayaat mein ALLAH ta’ala ne imaan aur hidayat ko zyada karne ka zikr farmaya hai. Aur kami aur zyadati aamaal ki wajeh se hoti hai. Isse maloom huwa ke aamaal imaan mein dakhil hain. Aur imaan mein kami aur zyadati hoti hai.

Ahnaaf iske jawab mein yeh kehte hain keh in aayaat mein imaan se murad Imaan e Kamil hai. Aur hum ahnaaf ke nazdeek imaan e kamil mein amaal dakhil hain aur isme kami aur zyadati hoti hai. Amaal se imaan qawi ya zaeef hota hai is aitbaar se Nabi e Kareem Sallallahu a’laihi wa sallam ne ahadees mein imaan ke saath aamaal ka tazkeera kiya na keh usko imaan ka juz banane ke aitbaar se. Lihaza yeh aayaat ahnaaf ke khilaaf nahi hain.

Taham mazeed wazahat ke liye mufassireen se naqal ki huwi in aayaat ki tafseer darj zeel hain.

Imam Bukhari ki pesh karda aayaat ki tafseer

1. Imam Abu ManSoor Mohammad maturidi ki tafseer mein likhte hainIs aayat mein farmaya “Taake unke imaan ke saath imaan zyada ho”.  Imam Maturidi ne farmaya , Is aayat ke do mahmool hain:
   1. Sayyidina Mohammad (Sallallahu a’laihi wa sallam) aur apki kitab par unka imaan tamam Rasoolon aur unki kitabon par imaan ke sath zyada hojaye jinki woh pehle tasdeeq karchuke the. Yeh taujiyah sirf Ahle kitaab ke sath khas hai.
   2. Pichli sa’aton mein jo unka imaan tha, uske saath is waqt laaya huwa imaan zyada hojayae.

Islam ki bunyad 5 cheezon par sharah

Huzoor sallallahu a’laihi wa sallam ne 5 cheezon ko Islam ki bunyad qarar diya.

Hum yeh jante hain keh agar koi bunyad gir jaaye toh imarat bhi toot jati hai. In 5 aamal ko Islam ki bunyad kis jihat se kaha gaya hai iski wazahat yeh hai keh agar in 5 mein se kisi ka bhi inkar kardiya ya farziyyat ka inkar kardiya toh uska Islam khatam hojayega aur woh kafir hojayega.

Masalan agar kisi ne ALLAH ko ek ma’bood manne ya Mohammadur RasoolAllah manne se inkar kardiya, ya namaz, roza, haj, zakat ke farziyat ka inkar kardiya toh kafir hojayega.

Kisi amal ko ikhtiyar nahi kiya lekin uski farziyat ka inkar bhi nahi kiya masalan namaz nahi padhta hai toh Gunahe kabeera ka murtakib hoga, mushriq nahi hoga. Hadith mein jo aaya hai keh jisne jaan bujhkar namaz chodi usne kufr kiya, isme kufr se muraad ahnaaf ke nazdeek nashukri ke hai. Imam Abu Haneefa ne is hadith ki taweel ko kaseer Sahaba e kiraam se ikhtiyar kiya jinhone is tarah ke ahadith ki taweel bayan farmayi thi.